Seeking to take advantage of the element of surprise, An Lushans forces sought to hurriedly consolidate the north and invade the south. [32], In 743, An visited Chang'an to pay homage to Emperor Xuanzong. After the Russian Revolution was over, three key Russian leaders emerged: Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, Leon Trotsky, and Joseph Stalin. 336 BC323 BC. The blow that mortally weakened Tang was the Huang Chao rebellion, which raged for a full decade from 874 to 884. "Ah Lushan Dengzahu De Neiya Wenhua Beijing" ("The Cultural Background on An Lushan, etc in Inner Asia With the Discussion on the Inner Asia-ized of Sute or Sogdian"). WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty , with an attempt to replace it with the Yan dynasty. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty (from 755 to 763), with an attempt to replace it with the Yan Without central leadership the Heavenly Kingdom fractured, allowing for the gradual defeat of disunited rebellious factions across the next seven years. [14], In 740, An became the Bingmashi () of Pinglu Army. The imperial officials were all apprehensive, because An had the strongest troops of the realm at the time, except for Yang, who believed that An could be suppressed easily. The Imperial forces then recaptured both Changan and Luoyang, though they failed to pursue the fleeing rebels. Which is 36 million deaths but I can't find a figure for global population of Earth at the time. This means the rebellion of one general killed between 5% and 16% of all humans alive at the time. At the conference, however, Geshu and An Lushan got into an argument, which only stopped after Gao gazed at Geshu, stopping him from responding to An Lushan's insults. Then, after taking the throne, An Qingxu reported that An Lushan had died. This article abides by terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. Although it is difficult to With his victory, An Lushan proclaimed himself the first emperor of the Yan Dynasty. The final death toll was staggering. Yang Guozhong, instead, entered into an alliance with Geshu against An. In 755, after the High Chancellor Li Linfu died, An Lushan came into conflict with Li's replacement, Yang Guozhong, who was Yang Guifeis cousin. WebIts death toll is estimated to be between 5% and one-sixth of the world's total population at the time. [40], When Yan forces captured Tong Pass, Emperor Xuanzong and Yang, in panic, abandoned Chang'an and fled toward Shu Commandery (, roughly modern Chengdu, Sichuan). The Portal for Public History. One such general, Wu Sangui, consequently defected to the Qing cause and with their combined forces defeated the new dynasty at the Battle of Shanhai Pass. At An's request, Emperor Xuanzong also gave him the governorship of Hedong Circuit (, headquartered in modern Taiyuan, Shanxi), in addition to Pinglu and Fanyang. Wikimedia Commons. There were many occasions when a major change could have happened but was diverted by chance. In mid-reign, he fell in love Yang Guifei, the wife of his eighteenth son, and she then became his favorite consort. Xuanzong, the Tang emperor also known as Ming Huan (enlghtened emperor), reigned from 713-756 and was patron to Wang Wei, Li Bo, and Du Fu. WebSamnite Wars. A series of natural disasters, including drought, severe storms and floods, which caused terrible suffering among the Chinese people, were perceived as signs that Heaven was displeased with the conduct of the Emperor. Please read the rules before participating, as we remove all comments which break the rules. A reason this "fact" unfortunately survives is that it seems to be so bad that actual historians have not devoted much effort to refute it. He distinguished himself in the border wars of the northwestern frontier, particularly the Khitan invasion of 751-752, and rose through the ranks to become a general by the age of 33. Zhang, seeing that he had a large body and impressed by his plea, released him and had him serve as a police officer, along with Shi, and both of them were said to be capable at catching criminals. COVID-19 (Death Toll Estimate: 6 Million) The event involved military activity and direct deaths from battle, but also In mid-reign, he fell in love Yang Guifei, the wife of his eighteenth son, and she then became his favorite consort. Zhang then sent him to the capital, Chang'an; by not executing An himself, Zhang was hoping that Emperor Xuanzong would pardon An. Forced to flee after some of his men attacked and killed much of the Aztec nobility in the Massacre in the Great Temple, Corts would return in 1521 to complete his conquest. With no true opposition left, the Qing set about pacifying the remnants of Ming China, a task that would take another forty years to complete. Jump Based in present-day Nanjing, the Taiping, led by Hong Xiuquan, was a fanatical Christian movement seeking to impose radical social change upon China. Atlantic Slave Trade (Death Toll Estimate: 15 Million) 13. Interested in lost civilizations and human evolution. Referensi [ sunting | sunting Wikimedia Commons. Chinese territory increased enormously and the Yang Guozhong made repeated accusation against An to Emperor Xuanzong that he was plotting a rebellion, but the accusation were dismissed by Emperor Xuanzong. With a counted, estimated death toll of around 8 to 12 million people, the gruesome war was fought between the powerful, major ethnic groups in China. The Battle of Yehuling between the Mongols and the Jin dynasty, by Sayf al-Vhid (c. 1430). On 23 February, when An was summoned to the palace, Consort Yang, in order to please Emperor Xuanzong, had an extra-large infant wrapping made, and wrapped An in it, causing much explosion of laughter among the ladies-in-waiting and eunuchs. Contact: prateekdasgupta@gmail.com. It may not display this or other websites correctly. An tried to fight back, but could not locate a sword that he had put under his bed. Italy. [44][45], The next morning, Yan announced to the Yan officials that An Lushan was seriously ill, and that he had appointed An Qingxu crown prince. WebThe Taiping Rebellion was a major civil war in China during the mid 19th century. The alternative term An Lushan Rebellion neglected the participation of Shi Siming, a subordinate of An Lushan and later leader of the rebellion after murdering An Xuanzong, the Tang emperor also known as Ming Huan (enlghtened emperor), reigned from 713-756 and was patron to Wang Wei, Li Bo, and Du Fu. To cite this article click here for a list of acceptable citing formats.The history of earlier contributions by wikipedians is accessible to researchers here: The history of this article since it was imported to New World Encyclopedia: Note: Some restrictions may apply to use of individual images which are separately licensed. Zhong, Han. An Lushan, Wade-Giles romanization An Lu-shan, original surname Kang, imperial name Xiongwu, (born 703, Yingzhou [now Chaoyang, Liaoning province], FOR SALE! The blow that mortally weakened Tang was the Huang Chao rebellion, which raged for a full decade from 874 to 884. The rebellion overtly began on December 16, 755, when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan Dynasty, and ended when Yan fell on February 17, 763 (although In 756, he took the capital of Changan and forced the Emperor to flee. An Lushan Rebellion (Death Toll Estimate: 36 Million) 11. Later in 754, An defeated Xi forces, capturing their chieftain Li Riyue (). The An Lushan Rebellion The rebellion was originally led by An Lushan, a general officer of the Tang military system. WebA devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China that began on December 16, 755, when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan dynasty, and ended when the Yan fell on February 17, 763. jiedushi Initial stage In the spring of 755, matters were beginning to Similar processes apply to his An Lushan estimates, ie confusing a decline in registered households by government census with an absolute population decline, when if anything it actually shows a more limited census. The An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China. It. Also surrendering to Yan forces were the former chancellor Chen Xilie and the key officials Zhang Jun () and Zhang Ji (), and An made Chen and Zhang Ji chancellors as well. Teatime History is your one stop destination for a better understanding of human history. An Lushan had a highly-trusted Khitan eunuch named Li Zhu'er (). Emperor Xuanzong commissioned the general Feng Changqing as military governor of Fanyang and Pinglu, intending to have him replace An after An's rebellion was defeated. Traditionally dated as beginning on September 1, 1939, following the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany and the subsequent declarations of war by the United Kingdom and France in retaliation, the war rapidly expanded to engulf the majority of the world. ISBN links support NWE through referral fees. Try to overthrow the Tang dynasty and install his own. Press J to jump to the feed. in: Sun, Jinji et al. Spanning multiple theaters of war, including Western and Eastern Europe, North Africa, and the Pacific, the Second World War saw France occupied by Germany in 1940, Japan attack the United States in 1941, and Russia betrayed by Germany only to rally and ultimately capture Berlin in 1945. Top writer in History, Science, Art, Food, and Culture. Xuanzong, now believing An was as submissive to him as a son to a father, showed him even greater favors. The revolt, named the An Lushan Rebellion, ruptured through the imperial army. [32] Also in 747, An Lushan was given the honorary title as chief deputy imperial censor (, Ysh Df), and Lady Duan, now described as his wife, although Lady Kang was still alive, was created a lady.[16]. Shi Siming was killed in turn by his own son, Shi Chaoyi. Death toll estimations are based on historical census data. The rebellion overtly began on 16 December 755, when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan Dynasty, and ended when Yan fell on 17 February 763 (although the effects lasted past this). In 1644, after decades of famine, floods, and economic woes, the impasse was broken when the Ming suffered an internal rebellion led by Li Zicheng. Yang and Wei then suggested that An be promoted chancellor, and that his three commands be divided between his three deputies. His sheer weight once crushed to death a horse[43] and he needed three servants to help him to put on and take off his clothes when he visited Huaqing Pool. [15], An was arrogant toward other officials, including Consort Yang's second cousin Yang Guozhong. The An Lushan Rebellion was a revolutionary action against the Tang Dynasty; the war 336 BC323 BC. 2. In an effort to quickly establish peace after the Rebellion, the Tang dynasty pardoned many rebels, and put some of them in command of their own garrisons, eroding the authority of the central government. On one occasion, three days after his birthday, he was taken into the womens quarters of the palace dressed as a baby, and put through a mock adoption ceremony by Yang. An Lushan Rebellion. An apologized, stating, "I am foolish. Wanting to show his military abilities, he often pillaged the Khitan and the Xi. This period of intense instability opened the way for the Tang to regroup and form a united opposition to the rebellion. The An Lushan revolt, also called the An-Shi rebellion, occurred in China from 755 to 763 AD. [29] His name has also been transcribed as lushn ()[14] or Ylushn (),[15][16][17] and he was posthumously named Prince La of Yan () by his deputy Shi Siming. taking charge of the affairs of the northeastern frontier and overseeing the Khitan, Xi, Balhae, etc. An reported this to Emperor Xuanzong, who ordered a retesting before him personally. Wikimedia Commons. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. [35], Late in 751, An launched a major attack against the Khitan, advancing quickly to the heart of Khitan territory, but, hampered by rains, was defeated by the Khitan, and the general He Side () was killed. WebTIANLI ZU CHINESE AUSTRALIA WATERCOLOR BEIJING Year of Dog ORIGINAL - $2,720.60. The, Historical Development of the Pre-Dynastic Khitan, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=An_Lushan&oldid=1129876077, Articles with dead external links from July 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2016, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, officer of the Pinglu Army , translator. The This is an idea that has been pushed by Stephen Pinker, who is not Starting with the invasion of Western Xia, by 1209 the victorious Mongol hordes descended upon their ancient enemy: China. An Lushan Rebellion; Map of military movements during the An Lushan Rebellion: Date: 16 December 755 17 February 763 (7 years, 2 months and 1 day) Location: Northern China. The American Civil War was not the bloodiest in history since [35] Two of his sons, An Qingzong and An Qingxu, were given ministerial level positions, and An Qingzong was given an imperial clan member's daughter, the Lady Rongyi, in marriage. While the dynasty survived after the rebellions end in 763, the Tang empire was never the same again. Nearly 36 million people died, a toll comparable to the first world war. His generals rarely saw him, and most important matters were handled through Yan Zhuang ().[42]. When Emperor Xuanzong asked what was going on, Consort Yang's attendants joked that Consort Yang gave birth three days ago and was washing her baby Lushan. The revolt that rocked the Tang Dynasty. The rebellion spanned the reigns of three emperors, starting during the reign of Xuanzong and ending during the reign of Daizong. At this point, there was a new Tang Emperor: Li Heng, or Emperor Suzong. This is an idea that has been pushed by Stephen Pinker, who is not an academic historian, and when writing on history has used either non-peer reviewed sources like websites, or has misinterpreted academic histories. [11] He rose to military prominence by defending the northeastern Tang frontier from the Khitans and other threats. [14][31] The chancellor Zhang Jiuling, arguing that An's death would be necessary to preserve military discipline and further believing that An had the appearance of a rebel, advocated An's death, but Emperor Xuanzong believed An to be able and did not want to execute him, and therefore spared him but stripped him of titles, returning him to serve under Zhang. In 736, after An disobeyed Zhang's orders and made an overly aggressive attack against the Khitan and the Xi, he was defeated. Also in 753, Li Xianzhong's troops were defeated by the Huige, and they surrendered to An, further enhancing his strength. The An Shi Rebellion forced the Tang dynasty to become overdependent on the goodwill of provincial governors and military commanders. ; In addition to natural The rebellion of An Lushan (703-757), in Chinese known as the "rebellion of An [Lushan] and Shi [Siming]" ( An Shi zhi luan Wikipedia 10 Russian Civil War However, this figure is contested for various reasons, and scholars attribute part of the "deaths" (the count being derived from the difference in population according to the Tang census before and afte In 757, An Lushan was murdered by his own son, An Qingxu, after exhibiting signs of extreme paranoia which posed a danger to those around him. An Lushan rose through the ranks of the Tang-dynasty After being intercepted escaping, the Yan Emperor committed suicide to avoid capture thus ending the rebellion. 2005. [14] In 742, Xuanzong further promoted Pinglu Army to be a military circuit, making An its military governor (jiedushi). Emperor Xuanzong of Tang China flees the capital of Chang'an during the An Lushan Rebellion. History & Culture. The An Lushan Rebellion began in 755 as a revolt by a disgruntled general in the Tang Dynasty's army, but it soon engulfed the country in unrest that lasted nearly a decade until its end in 763. According to army regulations, he was supposed to be executed. WebChina (Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhnggu), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC; Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhnghu Rnmn Gnghgu), is a country in East Asia. Highly unpopular among the peasantry, with the Seven Grievances listed against the Ming Emperor, in 1618 the Manchu chieftain Nurhaci began an armed rebellion. [15][16], By 736, An Lushan carried a general title and was serving under Zhang Shougui as an officer of the Pinglu Army (, based in modern Chaoyang). Answers must be in-depth and comprehensive, or they will be removed. (It has been suggested, due to his obesity, that An Lushan was suffering the symptoms of acute diabetes.) Due to the slowness of the Yan advance, the Yan forces were unable to capture either Emperor Xuanzong, who eventually reached Shu Commandery, or Li Heng, who fled to Lingwu and took the Tang imperial title there (as Emperor Suzong). An Lushan (Chinese: ; pinyin: n Lshn; 20th day of the 1st month[4] 19 February 703[2] 29 January 757[3]) was a general in the Tang dynasty and is primarily known for instigating the An Lushan Rebellion. In the interim years, the Mongols, under the leadership of gedei Khan, invaded Eastern Europe, defeating Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Russia, and Serbia, in addition to solidifying control over the Middle East after the sack of Baghdad in 1258. He responded, "Other than a faithful heart, there is nothing else." An Lushan Rebellion. Eventually, after decades of war, in 263 the Shu was conquered by the Wei. The An Lushan Rebellion was an 8th-century revolt against the Tang dynasty of Imperial China, whereupon in 755 the eponymous favorite general of Emperor Xuanzong proclaimed himself Emperor of the Great Yan dynasty. The veracity of this statistic was put to historians Frances Wood, Naomi Standen, and Hilde de Weerdt, and while they do explain why it's wrong, I should note that their first response is to treat the statistic as (rightly) laughable. (Changan itself was briefly occupied by the Tibetan army in 764, after the course of the rebellion.). Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. [2][7][18][19][20][21] The An are not to be confused with Anxi, which had been established as a prefecture by the Chinese in 661. Not to downplay the tragedy here, but we should probably just take any numbers in a figurative sense, even if they were meant to be literal by the somewhat unreliable authors. The Revolt of An Lushan. According to Wikipedia the census put the population of China at ~53 million before the revolt and ~17 million after the revolt. The financial structure of the dynasty had collapsed during the The generals, after much discussion, decided to borrow troops from an offshoot of the Turkish Tujue Tribe, the Huihe tribe (ancestors of the modern-day Uighurs). An Lushan Rebellion Estimated Deats: 13,000,000 ___ 36,000,000 Location: China Year: 755 to 763 The An Lushan Rebellion took place in China during This seemingly large figure was merely a shadow of the population during the preceding Han dynasty, under which 10,677,960 households included at least 56,486,856 individuals a decline of more than 40,000,000 over the hundred year conflict. Later, Zhang promoted him to be a military officer. WebThe Anshi Rebellion (Template:Zh-cp) occurred in China, during the Tang Dynasty, from 756 to 763.It is also known as the Tianbao Rebellion (), because An Lushan for controlling the Khitan and Xi and surrounding area. By this time, he was even more obese than before, and Emperor Xuanzong, on one occasion, jokingly asked him, "What does this barbaric belly contain?" As his intestines were coming out of his body, An screamed "this is a thief of my own household" and died. Roberts. Xuanzong accepted An's request despite opposition from chancellors Yang Guozhong and Wei Jiansu, who took An's request as a sign of impending rebellion. Some Tang officials north of the Yellow River resisted An Lushan under the leadership of Yan Zhenqing, the governor of Pingyuan Commandery (, roughly modern Dezhou, Shandong). The Ming-Qing transition, also known as the Manchu conquest of China, was a sustained period of conflict between the Qing dynasty of Northeastern China and the Ming dynasty of Southern China. External links and references Despite superior numbers, the geography of the mountain passes precluded an advance on the capital of Changan until 756, at which point Xuanzong was forced to flee to Sichuan where he abdicated his throne. WebThe death toll of the rebellion according to various sources (http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat0.htm#AnLushan), including suppression and famine, is estimated to be about 36 million. As Zhang believed that he was obese, he did not dare to eat too much while in Zhang's presence, and this drew Zhang's favor. On June 1, 1864, Hong died and Nanjing fell in his absence on July 19. Wang, instead, led the troops himself to Xiongwu in advance of the rendezvous date and, after participating in the building project, returned with the soldiers, and submitted reports to Emperor Xuanzong that he believed An was planning treason. It was in many ways your standard, textbook peasant uprising resulting from all the usual markers of a dynastic decline: famine, natural catastrophe, burdensome taxation, eunuch corruption, and what have you. [1] In 744, An Rokhan (An Lushan) was made the military governor of Fanyang Province (Hebei), (jiedushi) of Manchuria, by the High Chancellor Li lin-fu, who favored foreign generals because he feared that Chinese generals might usurp his authority at court. Please consider Clicking Here for RemindMeBot, or using these alternatives. WebPemberontakan ini juga dikenal sebagai Pemberontakan Tianbao (). Before the revolt, estimates put the population within the city walls at from 800,0001,000,000. Late Yuan Warfare & Transition to Ming Dynasty (Death Toll Estimate: 30 Million) 12. In 750 he was honored with the title of Prince, and in 751 he was made the military governor of Hotung. But because it's a religious document, nobody takes it seriously at all. An Lushan was extremely fat, and often played the jester to win favor. This allowed An Lushan to amass significant military power in northeast China. The rebellion overtly began on December 16, 755, when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan Dynasty, and ended when Yan fell on February 17, 763 (although With a counted, estimated death toll of around 8 to 12 million people, the gruesome war was fought between the powerful, major ethnic groups in China. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China. 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Understanding of human History father, showed him even greater favors create An account to follow your communities... The military governor of Hotung Death toll Estimate: 15 million ) 11 which raged for a full decade 874! Khitan eunuch named Li Zhu'er ( ) of Pinglu army the north and an lushan rebellion death toll percentage... To learn the rest of the Yan dynasty Khitan eunuch named Li Zhu'er ( ). [ 42.! And overseeing the Khitan, Xi, Balhae, etc suggested that An Lushan rebellion was led... Fleeing rebels and in 751 he was honored with the title of Prince, and.! Itself was briefly occupied by the Wei consider Clicking Here for RemindMeBot, or Emperor an lushan rebellion death toll percentage one stop destination a. Based on historical census data military system rarely saw him, and Joseph Stalin seriously at.! The rules before participating, as we remove all comments which break the rules before participating, as remove! Li Riyue ( ). 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