In alphabetical order, the states are as follows: Abia, Adamawa, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Bayelsa, Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta, Ebonyi, Edo, Ekiti, Enugu, Gombe, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos, Nasarawa, Niger, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe, Zamfara. Coastal area is in serious danger from land reclamation in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. The fate of the land reclamation projects depends largely on various local government units. The damage to coastal areas is far more extensive, physically," he told the BusinessMirror in a telephone interview on June 6. Town of Hemptstead's Morewood Property in Nassau County, before reclamation. Perhaps, the most popular so far among the land reclamation projects is Eko Atlantic City project w. hich kick started in 2008. Cities on China's coast reclaimed an average of 700 square kilometres of land - that's about the size of Singapore - from the sea every year from 2006 to 2010 for new houses, industrial . How? The side of the sand filled area was piled up to form balkanization against the inflow of river water. On its right is the popular Isale Eko, an. Many marine communities are surrounded by mangrove forests, mostly in the upper intertidal zones. The possibility of restoring a reclaimed landscape is very low because of the interplay of successional forces. Five ways human ecology influence reclamation of coastal environment include: Concentration: is a process whereby a given area becomes concentrated by human population due to the fertility of the land. The situation also highlights contradictions in Nigeria's legal and regulatory frameworks. More often the wealthy and highly placed people in the society purchase and develop coastal areas, by building residential mansions, hotels and sea-side resorts. The developed islands worth is estimated at N40 billion and it is planned in a way that would accommodate a population of 25,000 people and it is also expected to play significant role as regards trade and economic activities within the axis and Lagos generally. The promise of accelerating growth, however, is questionable. Transition from mangrove to terrestrial location occurs by natural process. This is a natural ecological restoration. Experimental design of recruitment experiment in a sand dredged mangrove forest at Eagle Island in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. The suggested solution to revert an already devastated area is by applying natural and human mediated ecological principles to facilitate land and coastal recovery [20]. early, mid and late successional species) within 15years, 510years and 1030years respectively. Its based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. (A) Graph of species population along sampling points (T1, T2 and T3) indicates a decrease in number of species from point T1 (high nutrient content) to point T3 (low nutrient content); and (B) graph of concentration of physico-chemicals along within sites T1, T2 and T3. The land reclaimed is known as reclamation ground or land fill . In the same vein, birds feed and nest in the dense foliage. Gracefield Island is another new joint project between the Lagos state government and Gravitas Investment Limited and it is expected to cover 100 hectares of land of the Lagos lagoon at the Northern end of the Chevron Way and the Northern Offshore of the Ajiran Land. Land reclamation has been a common practice to produce valuable land in coastal areas. Faced with the challenge of over 20 million people inhabiting a landmass of about 1,171.28 square kilometres, land reclamation has become a norm in Lagos to mitigate its pressing need for. Landscape reclamation is. Others include the ongoing construction on the sand-filled former marshy area, renamed Golden View Estate, Ejigbo, along Ejigbo/Ikotun road by Cele-Egbe Bridge, the 100-hectare Gracefield Island to accommodate over 10,000 residents in Lagos Lagoon, the controversial 45-hectare Apple Island project, as well as reclamation activities in Lekki and Ajah areas. This is because of the rising spate of sand mining activities that had taken over most coastal areas. But due to increase in population size through births and emigrations the town no longer has enough space to accommodate the increasing population. "The oil industry in Nigeria is so corrupt that even locals get scammed. Some small towns, notably Minna, Uyo, Makurdi, Maiduguri, and Bauchi, experienced remarkable growth in population and economy after becoming state capitals. The Great Garuda, Indonesia Project cost: $40bn (28bn) | Land to be reclaimed: 12.5km2. One cannot jettison the issue raised by UN-Habitat and Ibidun Adelekan as regards the problem of flooding that can stem from massive land reclamation because coastal areas such as Lekki, Victoria Island and Ikoyi on several occasions have been ravaged by flood. The proposed reclamation in Penang island is reflective of a market-driven redevelopment - a common global trend which aims to transform any disorderly and substandard areas into modern, organised urban spaces fit for capital accumulation. Furthermore, census of species found in the area was made at the three study sites. In Nigeria reclaimed land is used to build residential quarters, road network, vegetation pro- duction, grazing, recreation, shopping complex and refuse disposal site. The renowned environmentalist said this is because reclamation is always of wetland and nature has provided the wetlands as a buffer between the ocean and the land areas to serve as a spring from which land-based effluent could be trapped from hitting on the ocean or the Lagoon. One, two, three, four, five, 42, 43 and 44 long years later, the Land Use Decree of 1978, promulgated by the military regime of General Olusegun Obasanjo, now retired, remains the governing law on land use in Nigeria. In an assessment of over 136 port cities, the UN body ranked the city of Lagos as 38th as regards exposure to flooding. White mangroves grow upland while red mangroves grow at the sea shore, so when the former dominate it shows increase in anthropogenic activities. Moreover, mangroves forests protect coastal communities against storm surges, which have been reported to save lives. It is a strategy for protecting or restoring the function, structure and species composition of an ecosystem while providing for its sustainable socioeconomic use. Reclamation can be defined as the chemical or physical manipulation carried out in severely degraded sites, such as open pit mines, abandoned crude oil well or large-scale construction site [6, 7]. It also makes it mandatory for proponents of all new major developments to carry out EIAs on their proposed projects. A combination of these activities leads to the acidification of the river causing fish deaths and physiological and reproductive problems of numerous marine organisms. We have carried out some investigations. by Revolva ( m ): 1:58pm On Jul 18 , 2020 5 Princes Gate Court, The same is being experienced in many reclaimed lands in many parts of the world. The uppermost layer or photic zone is 10m of water and absorbs 80% of solar energy, which carries out primary productivity. This leads to the death or migration of amphibious species along the coast. The results of the physico-chemical analysis and the species abundance test were derived as shown in Figure 9. So, some observers are of the view that the recent flooding that are now common in these areas are not unconnected to the ongoing massive land reclamation. From the sea Lagos rose, from humble port city to economic and political powerhouse and sprawling home to around 22. One thing is certain; when you do reclamation like this, there are other aspects of the environment that you destroy. Apart from the Eko Atlantic project, there are other lands that have been reclaimed and are being developed into housing estates for residential and business purposes. Apart from the Island areas; other places in the mainland such as Oworonshoki (Third Mainland Bridge axis) and areas of Ikorodu have been undergoing extensive land reclamation for developmental purpose. residential, industrial, commercial, transportation and other use had experienced tremendous increase from 85.4 square kilometres (43.36per cent) to 111.9 square kilometres (56.8per cent). Landscape Reclamation - Rising From What's Left, Submitted: June 20th, 2018 Reviewed: October 15th, 2018 Published: January 8th, 2020, Total Chapter Downloads on intechopen.com. The aim is to prevent the destruction of the ecosystem by human activities such as sand mining, exploration, hunting and fishing. London, SW7 2QJ, With . Areas that have mangrove vegetation before can be restored through the exportation of mangrove soil and mangrove propagules and allowed for 2030years to develop into a mature mangrove forest. The environmental degradation has become so serious that human life is sometimes impacted as well. Section 1(1) of the Nigerian Minerals and Mining Act, 2007 gives the federal government ownership and . In a classical case of land recuperation after landscape reclamation at Eagle Island in the Niger Delta, recruitment occurred through natural process within a space of 13years. To establish road network via the river, foundations for heavy pillars are usually sunk into the bottom of the river, which destabilizes the benthic community of the river. Segregation: this is when units or communities cluster together based on homogeneity of ideals or goals. The causes of land reclamation in the Niger Delta are grouped into two: (1) direct and (2) indirect causes. However, there are other types of land reclamation, depending on the type of fill material, topography of the seabed and the type of equipment available. During canalization, earth moving dredgers are deployed to excavate the benthic soil. Economic land on the other hand, is part of physical land that can be used to produce economic commodities for mans satisfaction [2]. UNITED KINGDOM, Landscape Reclamation - Rising From What's Left, Reasons for land reclamation in the Niger Delta, Impact of land reclamation on mangrove and coastal environment, Impact of landscape reclamation on marine ecosystem, The role of human ecology in land reclamation. Source: UN Cartographic Section : Cities and Towns in Nigeria The map shows the location of following Nigerian Cities and Towns: Nigeria's largest cities (population figures are estimated): Lagos (21 million), Kano (2.5 - 3 million), Ibadan (3.2 million), Abuja Other Cities and Towns in Nigeria: The implication of the influx of activities at the coast is the solidification of the swamps resulting to the gradual loss of biodiversity [11]. 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