This time the language and violence seem only frantic, not genuinely subversive or liberating. Sun Chunlan comes from a humble background. Some political elites may stand up for their belief in the institutionalized norms of the Deng era. In particular, Li has frequently called for mass entrepreneurship and innovation (, ). 9 was mentioned; it enumerates the 'Seven Perils'. Wang is widely considered to be a protg of both Zhu Rongji and Jiang Zemin. Others may see Xis reversal of constitutional constraints on term limits as heralding a return to an era of vicious power strugglesa zero-sum game in which they will also ruthlessly engage in the years to come. Liu joined the CCP in December 1976. The daughter, Liu Hes half-sister, married Gong Zheng, the current governor of Shandong Province. Deep-ocean currents are initiated near Antarctica and in the North Atlantic Ocean, where cold, dense water sinks. Iyesa Express ~ Sizwe Nzima's Rx Cycle Delivery; Tomorrow's Cities ~ BBC on Smart Urban Living. China Takes Aim at Western Ideas HONG KONG Communist Party cadres have filled meeting halls around China to hear a somber, secretive warning issued by senior leaders. He then became vice premier of the State Council (200813), a Politburo member (200717), and a Politburo Standing Committee Member (201217). Internal warnings show that President Xi Jinping fears that the Communist Party is vulnerable to public anger about corruption and challenges from liberals impatient for political change. Add a comment. Han was then made secretary of the CCYL committee of the Chemical Industry Bureau of the Shanghai Municipal Government (198286), deputy party secretary of the Shanghai School of Chemical Engineering (198687), party secretary and deputy director of Shanghai No. His ancestral home is Fuping County, Shaanxi Province. For a detailed discussion of these cases, see Cheng Li, Chinese Politics in the Xi Jinping Era: Reassessing Collective Leadership (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution Press, 2016), pp. 25 School, while Liu went to Beijing No. Moreover, Sun Chunlan has some political leverage in promoting policy initiatives among her peers in the Politburo. Their perceptions of Xi as a Mao-like figure may now be crystallized. The revisions also reflect one of the greatest paradoxes of Xis leadership, at once pushing for a greater emphasis on what he calls law-based governance and stronger legal institutions while enshrining his name in the law under which he is supposed to govern, not rule over. He and his wife were married in Tibet and have one daughter. But Mr. Xi and his colleagues were victims of expectations that they themselves encouraged, rather than a foreign conspiracy, analysts said. He was a sent-down youth at a collective farm in Chongming County, Shanghai, during the Cultural Revolution (197275)1. Nevertheless, in his first term as premier, Li promoted a number of policy priorities. Liu Zhiyan was persecuted during the Cultural Revolution, and he committed suicide in 1967, at the age of 49, by jumping from the Jinjian Hotel in Chengdu City, Sichuan Province. In October 2007, he was promoted to Politburo Standing Committee member (2007present) and, shortly thereafter, served as executive vice premier of the State Council (200813). Power could escape their grip, they have been told, unless the party eradicates seven subversive currents coursing through Chinese society. 1. : secretly trying to ruin or destroy a government, political system, etc. subversive meaning: 1. trying to destroy or damage something, especially an established political system: 2. trying to. Learn more. Below are background profiles for the seven top government leaders. Psychological perspectives are different ways of thinking about and explaining human behavior. Current therapies antibiotics that kill bacteria and steroids that tame infection-related inflammation can fail to ward off the worst consequences of the disease, particularly if therapy is initiated late due to delays in diagnosis. Unsurprisingly, when Xi Jinping became general secretary of the party, he promoted Liu He to vice-minister of the NDRC and office director of the Central Leading Group for Financial and Economic Work, in which capacity he serves as Xis chief economic strategist. 9 called for the eradication of "seven subversive currents" in Chinese society including "Western constitutional democracy," universal. : a systematic attempt to overthrow or undermine a government or political system by persons working from within also : the crime of committing acts in furtherance of such an attempt subversionary -zh-ner- adjective subversive -vr-siv adjective or noun subversively adverb subversiveness noun More from Merriam-Webster on subversion In conjunction with his frequent meetings with foreign leaders in Guangdong, these trips abroad have helped to broaden Hus international experience. Power could escape their grip, they have been told, unless the party eradicates seven subversive currents coursing through Chinese society. An internal notice published in 2013 by the party's central committee- the famous "Document 9" included "the Western idea of journalism" among the "seven subversive currents" along with the promotion of constitutional democracy, the universal value of human rights, participation in social life, neo-liberalism, historical nihilism, and the . Prior to the 19th Party Congress in the fall of 2017, Han spent his entire career working in Shanghai. This includes four military alternate members of the 18th Central Committee who were promoted to be full members of the 19th Central Committee. 2. The loyalty oath was intended to protect students from so-called subversive teachers. The citizen-activists demanding that party officials reveal their family wealth cited Mr. Xis own vows to end official corruption and deliver more candid government. Rip currents often occur in deeper channels, between areas of breaking waves, and can flow at speeds up to 2 m/s. Subsequently, Han served as deputy secretary (199091) and secretary (199192) of the CCYL Shanghai Municipal Committee. Most notably, the NPC approved a constitutional change abolishing term limits for Chinas president Xi Jinping. He was Liu Zhiyans only child from his first marriage, which ended in divorce. The political establishment, while certainly composed of some yes-men willing to do the presidents bidding, is by no means monolithic. They are trying to break through our political system, and this was a classic example, he said of the newspaper protest. For the current fiscal year, the U.S. Navy is planning on retiring over 30 vessels, but not all of these will be sent to the junkyard. He was first elected to the Central Committee as an alternate member at the 15th Party Congress (1997). Xi Jinping is widely considered to be a protg of both former PRC president Jiang Zemin and former PRC vice-president Zeng Qinghong. His township-centered urbanization, however, was regarded by Xis economic team as neither desirable (due to its resulting inefficiency of resources and widespread pollution) nor feasible (because young people are less interested in staying at small towns) and thus was largely replaced by a development strategy for large urban clusters. Their only daughter, Xi Mingze, received her undergraduate degree in psychology from Harvard University (201014) and later pursued a graduate program in the same field at a university in Beijing. Li began working in the CCYL Central Committee at the end of 1982, precisely when Hu Jintao became secretary of the CCYL. Hu Min, Hu Jintaos Five Golden Flowers (Hong Kong: Beiyunhe Press, 2012), pp. 101 School in the same district. In neighboring former communist countries, Russia uses a wider range of military and economic tools. The ramifications are very serious, because this seriously hurts the broad middle class and moderate reformers entrepreneurs and intellectuals. According to an unverified source, Han Zhengs wife, Wan Ming, previously served as vice-chair of the Shanghai Charity Foundation. A similar tension exists in Xis approach to legal reforms. Of the 66 military members of the 19th Central Committee, 60 (91 percent) were newcomers.4. In a disappointing turn for those who have upheld more optimistic prognoses for Xiand for Chinahe opted to revert the country back to the era of strongman politics and the personality cult. 8893. The couple does not have any children. Then, an internal Party memo referred to as Document No. Liberal intellectuals will be among the first to push back and shape the public discourse. Xi Jinping was born on June 15, 1953, in Beijing. He was a sent-down youth at an agricultural commune in Fengyang County, Anhui (197476)1. He then served as the first secretary of the Secretariat of the CCYL Central Committee (200608). Liu He has contributed significantly to the new economic paradigms and concepts outlined in Xi Jinpings first term, such as the economic new normal and supply-side reform. His economic outlook is remarkably liberal. Their perceptions of Xi as a Mao-like figure may now be crystallized. In other words, the party boss selects a team of rivals () in order to consolidate power.3. However, Wang has ostensibly also made many political enemies. In Chinas tight but often contentious political circles, proponents of deeper Western-style economic changes are often allied with those pushing for rule of law and a more open political system, while traditionalists favor greater state control of both economic and political life. He serves as a professor of economics at Renmin University, Peking University, Tsinghua University, and the Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Current name's position in town apparently. It is likely that their friendship developed through growing up together in the same neighborhood. Read all the Order from Chaos content, 7 things you need to know about lifting term limits for Xi Jinping, USMCA Forward 2023: Building more integrated, resilient, and secure supply chains in North America, USMCA Forward 2023 Chapter 1: National Security, Strategic partner of choice: Canadas role in enhancing North American supply chain resiliency. Wang then worked as party secretary of Hainan Province (200203). Han continued to advance his career in Shanghai, serving as vice-mayor (19982003), deputy party secretary (200212), mayor (200312), acting party secretary (2007), and finally party secretary (201217). Buckey says that it "bears the unmistakable imprimatur of Xi Jinping." Others may see Xis reversal of constitutional constraints on term limits as heralding a return to an era of vicious power strugglesa zero-sum game in which they will also ruthlessly engage in the years to come. These proposed constitutional revisions are the latestand most historically consequentialpower grab by the self-assured Chinese president. Promoting civic participation. His attitude toward public intellectuals has proven similarly ambivalent. Other crossword clues with similar answers to 'Subsurface current'. The government blamed a subversive organization for the riots. These seven perils were enumerated in a memo, referred to as Document No. He has responded to praise of his work by stating that it is inappropriate to emphasize any one individuals contributions to Chinas economic policy. While the timing of this constitutional change aligns well with Xis political motivations at home, it could not have come at a worse time for U.S.-China relations. At the same time, China is increasingly using these freedoms in Europe to shape its agenda. Xis current wife, Peng Liyuan, is from his second marriage. For more information on Xis family background and his early life experiences, see Liang Jian , New Biography of Xi Jinping [] (New York: Mirror Books, 2012), and Wu Ming , Biography of Xi Jinping [] (Hong Kong: , 2008). To some extent, the overriding objective of his anti-corruption campaign has been to restore the Chinese publics faith in its ruling party, which lost public trust in the wake of the Bo Xilai scandal and the Ling Jihua incident.3, Military Reform Xi achieved a milestone victory in restructuring the PLA, through efforts which have been officially referred to as military reform (). The political establishment, while certainly composed of some yes-men willing to do the presidents bidding, is by no means monolithic. Not much information is available regarding Hu Chunhuas family. Mr. Bo goes on trial on Thursday. 9, the number given to it by the central party office that issued it in April. He served as party secretary of a production brigade in the county (197678). Western forces hostile to China and dissidents within the country are still constantly infiltrating the ideological sphere, says Document No. Li remained on the Politburo Standing Committee after the 19th Party Congress and retained his premiership for a second term at the 13th National Peoples Congress in March 2018. They have been disillusioned by Xi's leadership ever since 2013, when authorities began cracking down on open discussion of "seven subversive currents," including constitutional democracy . Li received both a bachelors degree in law (1982) and a doctoral degree in economics (via part-time studies, 1994) from Peking University. However, Lius career path, especially over the past two decades, has closely mirrored that of former vice-premier and Politburo member Zeng Peiyan6. Mr. Xi has indicated that he wants a party meeting in the fall to endorse policies that would give market competition and private businesses a bigger role in the economy and Marxist stalwarts in the party are deeply wary of such proposals. Xis efforts have sought to showcase Chinas rapid rise on the world stage under his leadership, including through the launch of the Belt and Road Initiative and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), and Chinas deepening engagement in international institutions and forums, most notably his speech at the Davos World Economic Forum in 2017. Three years later, in 2000, he was appointed director of the State Council General Office of Economic Reform. 9, said Professor Xiao, the historian. The consequent rifts are unusually open, and they could widen and bog down Mr. Xi, said Xiao Gongqin, a professor of history at Shanghai Normal University who is also a prominent proponent of gradual, party-guided reform. Cheng Li, Chinese Politics in the Xi Jinping Era: Reassessing Collective Leadership (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution Press, 2016), p. 268. Deep-ocean currents contain water with high oxygen concentrations. Some analystsincluding usnaively hoped that Xi wanted more time to train, groom, and test a potential successor before identifying the candidate. But when the proposed constitutional changes are unsurprisingly approved by the National Party Congress next week, it will be left to Chinese society to determine whether to accept the risks of returning to winner-takes-all, strongman politics or instead continue down the path of Dengs reforms, with a government that incorporates Chinese-style checks and balances and honors the peaceful transition of power. First, her leadership experience running an important province (Fujian) and two major cities (Tianjin and Dalian), as well as her tenure as first secretary of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions and director of the Central United Front Work Department of the CCP Central Committee, have prepared her for even more important posts in the national leadership. You might want to call someone subversive if they are sneakily trying to undermine something, from the social structure of your high school to an entire system of government. The author of five books and over 200 articles, Liu He focuses his research on five broad areas: the relationship between economic development and changes in industrial structure in China; macroeconomic theory; corporate governance and property rights; the new economy and the information industry; and the reform of Chinese SOEs. Hu joined the CCP in 1983. Such an atmosphere of distrust can only catalyze further administration aggressions toward China. Purpose. In 1988, for example, Zhu Rongji, then mayor of Shanghai, visited the citys Dazhonghua Rubber Plant, where Han Zheng was employed. Vice president of the Peoples Republic of China (2018present). That has included a visit to a historic site where Mao undertook one of his own attempts to remake the ruling party in the 1950s. The mission of the Forum is to provide policy recommendations to the government on major economic issues. He also worked as deputy head of Linzhi Prefecture, Tibet (1992), and as deputy party secretary and head of Shannan Prefecture, Tibet (199597). Hu Chunhua was born into a family of very humble means. On other policy issues, however, Xi has exhibited paradoxical preferences and tendencies. She then served as party secretary of Fujian (200912) and party secretary of Tianjin (201214). When you right-click in the folder and run "TortoiseSVN -> Switch" command, the "Switch to Branch / Tag" window appears on the screen. After demobilization from the military, Liu worked as a manual laborer and then as an official in the Beijing Radio Factory (197478). For example, the objective of his economic policy, as articulated at the third plenum of the 18th Central Committee in 2013, has been to make the private sector the decisive driver of the Chinese economy. Mr. Xi will face another ideological test later in the year when the Communist Party celebrates the 120th anniversary of Maos birth. Hu Chunhua was selected as a Politburo member in 2012 and is considered a front-runner of the so-called sixth generation leadership. How the relationship between these two strongmen in China, Xi and Wang, will unfold in the years to come remains to be seen. Xi was reelected as general secretary of the CCP and chairman of the CMC at the 19th Party Congress in October 2017, and then as president of the PRC at the 13th National Peoples Congress in March 2018. Psychodynamic Perspective. Han then served as deputy secretary of the Chinese Communist Youth League (CCYL) (197580) and as a clerk of the Shanghai Chemical Equipment Industry Co., Ltd (198082). Conclusion. Sun began her career as a worker in a watch factory in Anshan (1969) and, eventually, became a party official in the same factory (197174). In 2002, the school was renamed the Anshan Institute of Science and Technology. Its possible that this situation will get out of control, and that wont help the political stability that the central leadership stresses.. His ancestral home is Cixi City, Zhejiang Province. Now the leftists feel very excited and elated, while the liberals feel very discouraged and discontented, said Professor Xiao, who said he was generally sympathetic to Mr. Xis aims. Their friendship stems from their childhoods in Beijing. The memo called for the eradication of "seven subversive currents" in Chinese society, including "Western constitutional democracy," "universal values" of human rights, and Western . Officials have intensified efforts to block access to critical views on the Internet. Opponents of one-party rule, it says, have stirred up trouble about disclosing officials assets, using the Internet to fight corruption, media controls and other sensitive topics, to provoke discontent with the party and government.. Communist Party cadres gathered around China to hear that power could escape their grip, unless the party eradicates seven subversive currents coursing through Chinese society. Likewise, scholars and lawyers who have campaigned for limiting party power under the rule of law have also invoked Mr. Xis promise to honor Chinas Constitution. 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